Fungicides are extensively used in industry, agriculture and the home and garden for a number of purposes, including: protection of seed grain during storage, shipment, and germination; protection of nature crops, berries, seedlings, flowers and grasses in the field, in storage and during shipment; suppression of mildews that attack painted surfaces; control of slime in paper pulps; and protection of carpet and fabrics in the home.
Fungicides vary enormously in their potential for causing adverse effects in humans. Historically, some of the most tragic epidemics of pesticide poisoning occurred because of mistaken consumption of seed grain treated with organic mercury or hexachlorobenzene. However, most fungicides currently in use are unlikely to cause frequent or severe systemic poisonings for several reasons. First, many have low inherent toxicity in mammals and are inefficiently absorbed. Second, Many fungicides are formulated as suspensions of wettable powders or granules, from which rapid, efficient absorption is unlikely. And third, methods of application are such that relatively few individuals are intensively exposed. Apart from systemic poisonings, fungicides as a class are probably responsible for a disproportionate number of irritant injuries to skin and mucous membrances, as well as dermal sensitization.
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